Toll-Like Receptors and Cancer, Particularly Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
نویسندگان
چکیده
It is becoming increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the progression of cancer. The microenvironment may promote tumor cell survival and proliferation or, alternatively may induce tumor cell apoptosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins, expressed on immune cells and epithelial cells, that recognize exogenous and endogenous macromolecules. Once activated, they initiate signaling pathways leading to the release of cytokines and chemokines, which recruit immune cells inducing further cytokine production, the production of angiogenic mediators and growth factors, all of which may influence tumor progression. This paper examines the actions of TLRs in carcinogenesis with particular emphasis on their role in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
منابع مشابه
Salivary Antioxidant Level in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Background: Oral cancer is among the 10 most common cancers worldwide with an increasing global incidence. Compromised antioxidant defense system plays a role in occurrence of cancer. This study evaluated the salivary antioxidant level of oral cancer patients compared to a control group. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 22 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients pre...
متن کاملComparing Immunohistochemical Expression of Podoplanin between Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Normal Oral Mucosa
Background and purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Podoplanin is a mucin-like integral membrane glycoprotein that is expressed in the lymphatic endothelial cells but not in the blood vascular endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin and evaluating lymphangiogenesis i...
متن کاملToll-Like Receptors in Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma are cancers of high mortality. EAC develops through Barrett's esophagus (BE) and columnar dysplasia, preceded by gastro-esophageal reflux disease. The risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is increased by smoking and alcohol consumption. New treatment options for esophageal cancer are desperately needed. Toll-like receptors (...
متن کاملToll-like receptor 2 induces adenosine receptor A2a and promotes human squamous carcinoma cell growth via extracellular signal regulated kinases ½
Patient treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) not associated with Human papillomavirus remains problematic. OSCC microenvironment is typically inflamed and colonized by microorganisms, providing ligands for toll-like receptors (TLR). In immune cells TLR2 and TLR4 activate NF-kB and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathways, leading to upregulation of inhibitory adenosi...
متن کاملA rapid, early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma: Real time PCR based detection of tetranectin
The current study is focused on determining the mRNA expression levels of tetranectin, to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and thus aiding in its classification at an early stage. RNA was isolated and cDNA synthesis was performed from the saliva samples of the patients and healthy individuals. A semiquantitative PCR based analysis was performed prior to quantitative and expression bas...
متن کامل